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Maxim gun
The Maxim gun was invented by Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim in 1884, and was the first recoil-operated machine gun.〔(Encyclopedia Britannica: Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim )〕 It has been called "the weapon most associated with British imperial conquest".
== Functionality ==
The mechanism of the Maxim gun employed one of the earliest recoil operated firing systems in history. The idea is that the energy from the recoil is used to eject each spent cartridge and insert the next one, in lieu of a locked bolt or a lever mechanism. This made it vastly more efficient and less labor-intensive than previous rapid-firing guns, such as the Mitrailleuse, Gatling, Gardner, or Nordenfelt, that relied on actual mechanical cranking. It also decreased the gas buildup in the barrel, allowing the gun to fire more bullets over an extended period of time without overheating the barrel. The Maxim gun design required water cooling, giving it the ability to maintain its rate of fire for far longer than air-cooled guns. The disadvantage of this was that it made the gun less flexible in attack than the lighter air-cooled weapons.
Trials demonstrated that the Maxim could fire 600 rounds per minute. Compared to modern machine guns, the Maxim was heavy, bulky, and awkward. A lone soldier could fire the weapon, but it was usually operated by a team of men. Apart from the gunner, other crew were needed to speed reload, spot targets, and carry and ready ammunition and water. Several men were needed to move or mount the heavy weapon.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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